Atmospheric circulation: constantly changing

The formation of atmospheric circulation is mainly driven by four factors: first, solar radiation, which provides the main energy for atmospheric movement; The second is the Coriolis force caused by the Earth's rotation, which leads to a deviation in the direction of atmospheric motion; The third issue is the uneven distribution of land and sea, which affects atmospheric flow; The fourth is the exchange of heat and momentum between the north and south of the atmosphere.

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Assuming that the Earth does not rotate, its surface is uniform without any differences between land and sea, and the sun shines directly on the equator: the main reason for the formation of atmospheric circulation is solar radiation. Due to uneven sunlight shining on the Earth, less solar radiation is obtained at the North and South Poles, and the Earth loses more heat to outer space than it receives from the Sun, while the opposite is true at the equator. In this way, the atmosphere will be colder over the polar regions than over the equator, forming a thermal circulation (single loop circulation) in the atmosphere. Assuming the Earth rotates and the surface is uniform without any differences between land and sea, and the sun shines directly on the equator: the reason for the formation of atmospheric circulation is the uneven heating between high and low latitudes and the Coriolis force. Due to the convective motion of the atmosphere, warm air at the equator rises from the Earth's surface and moves towards the colder polar regions, driving cold air from the polar regions to blow along the Earth's surface towards the equator. Only in this way can most of the excess heat in the equatorial region be transported to the poles, allowing the energy of the Earth to be balanced (triple circulation).