Scientist Mendeleev once said, "Science begins with measurement." Kelvin, the father of modern thermodynamics, famously concluded, "Only by measuring can we manufacture." The revolution in human scientific research and the iterative upgrading of industrial manufacturing are inseparable from the advancement of measurement technology. one The essence of measurement is to compare and calibrate an unknown quantity with a known quantity in order to obtain the value or attribute of the unknown quantity. Measurement is a crucial process in the fields of science and engineering, providing us with an understanding and quantification of the world, enabling us to describe and predict natural phenomena, and use this information in various applications. two The evolution of measurement in modern times has led to significant development in surveying. Important milestones include the establishment of the decimal system of measurement, the development of the International System of Units (SI), and innovation in measuring instruments. Scientists and engineers have made significant contributions in the field of measurement, enabling us to measure the microscopic world.
