Galileo telescope

In 1609, Galileo created the first astronomical telescope in human history. This telescope uses a concave lens as the objective lens and a convex lens as the eyepiece to refract light for imaging. It, along with telescopes made based on this principle, is collectively referred to as the Galileo telescope and belongs to a type of refracting telescope. Galileo used these relatively rudimentary devices to discover Jupiter's four largest moons, sunspots, and the phase changes of Venus, which played a crucial role in proving the correctness of the heliocentric theory. The continuous improvement and optimization of the Galileo telescope also led to the peak of refractive telescopes in the second half of the 19th century.

The unit is designed for unsupervised public use: controls are recessed or shielded, moving parts are enclosed, and the interface is operable by a child of about six with no instruction. Where a screen is used, the language can be switched without changing the hardware, and the content can be replaced on site.

The lens is the core component of a refracting telescope, in which the main mirror is usually composed of a convex lens, and a concave lens is used to correct aberrations and change the focal ratio of the telescope. Lenses are divided into two types: spherical and non spherical. The curvature of a spherical lens is the reciprocal of the radius of the sphere on which the lens surface is located. A lens has two faces, so it has two radii of curvature, which may not necessarily be equal. The surface shape of non spherical lenses (such as biconvex surfaces, paraboloids, etc.) needs to be described using complex surface formulas. The curvature of the lens, the refractive index of the material, and other parameters determine the focal length and imaging clarity of the telescope.