Martensitic transformation

Martensitic phase transition refers to a displacement type phase transition characterized by no compositional changes and mainly lattice distortion. People initially discovered this phenomenon in steel and defined the transformation from austenite to martensite as martensitic transformation. Subsequently, this phase transition has been widely discovered to exist in various metallic and non-metallic materials. Martensitic transformation is widely used in alloy design of high-strength steels due to its unique characteristics, and it is also an important foundation for intelligent metal design.

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(1) Martensitic transformation is a displacement type transformation characterized by no compositional changes and mainly lattice distortion. The phase transformation formed in steel after high-temperature quenching is named martensite. Besides steel, martensitic transformation can also occur in many non-ferrous and non-metallic materials. There are several common martensitic transformations in metals, including face centered cubic, body centered tetragonal, face centered cubic face centered tetragonal, body centered cubic orthogonal, body centered cubic compact hexagonal, face centered cubic body centered cubic, and face centered cubic compact hexagonal. (2) Martensitic transformation characteristics: Martensitic transformation belongs to a generalized displacement type diffusion free transformation. Its core feature is that it is carried out in a shear displacement manner, and the new and old phase components remain unchanged. In crystallography, there is a definite orientation relationship between the new phase and the parent phase, and the phase interface is a specific crystal plane (i.e., the habitual plane) that neither distorts nor rotates during the phase transition process. Due to the shear effect, the originally flat surface of the sample will.